时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   如果动词原形末尾单个辅音字母前面的元音只有一个字母,而且重读,那么原形末尾的单个辅音字母,在加-ing和-ed时要双拼:


  bar~’barring~’barred
  beg~’begging~begged
  oc’cur~oc’curing~oc’curred
  per’mit~per’mitting~per’mitted
  pa’trol~pa’trolling~pa’trolled
  如果前面的元音:不重读(’enter~’entering~’entered.’visit~’visiting~’visited),或是由两个字母拼写而成dread~dreading~
  dreaded),则原形末尾的单个辅音字母通常不双拼。
  有些原形末尾的辅音字母,即使它前面的元音不重读,也要双拼。在下列情况下:双拼在英国英语中是正常的,而在英国英语中,原形末尾的辅音字母可双拼,也可不双拼,不过习惯上更倾向于不双拼:
  1、以非重读原因+-l结尾的动词:
  ‘travelling’travelled(英国英语和美国英语)
  ‘travel ‘traveling’traveled(中用于美国英语)
  类似的还有:’cancer,’counsel,’dial,’model,’signal等词。
  2、以非重读元音+-m(me)结尾的动词:
  ‘program(me)’programming’programmed(英国英语和美国英语);
  ‘program ‘programing ‘programed(只用于美国英语)
  3、一些以非重读元音+-P结尾的动词:
  ‘worshipping ‘worshipped(英语英语和美国英语)
  ‘worship ’worshiping ‘worshipped(只用于美国英语)
  动词handicap和kidnap也遵循worship的拼写规则。然而,不论在英国英语中还是在美国英语中,大部分以非重读元音+-P结尾的动词不要双拼:
  de’velop~de’veloping~de’veloped,’gallop~’galloping~’galloped,’gossip~’gossiping~’gossiped等。
  4、以非重读元音+-g结尾的动词:
  ’humbug’humbugging’humbugged
  但是,请注意(美国英语)’catalog~’cataloging~’cataloged.
  (e)在以元音+-c结尾的动词中,原形末尾的辅音字母的双拼拼成
  -ck:
  ’panic’panicking’panicked
  ’traffic’trafficking’trafficked
  类似的有:frolic,’bivouac等词。
  5、在某些以元音+-s结尾的动词原形中,在加动词后缀时,有-s-和-ss-两种形式:
  ’bias’biasing/’biassing ‘biased/’biassed
  bus’busing/’bussingbused/bussed
  ’focus’focuing/’focussing’focused/’focussed
  注意
  1、像PLAY(~playing~played)和ROW(~rowing~rowed)那样的动词,末尾辅音不双拼,这是因为在这些词中,-y和-w不算作辅音字母,而算作双元音拼法的一部分(-ay,-ow)。
  2、像E’QUIP(~e’quipping~e’quipped)和AC’QUIT(~ac’quitting~ac’quitted)那样的词,末尾辅音要双拼,因为u在这里算作辅音拼法-qu-的一部分,而不算作一个元音。
  3、字母-x从不双拼,因为它代表/ks/这两个辅音:fix~fixing~fixed等。
  4、原形末尾不发音的辅音字母不双拼:crochet/-ei/~crocheting~crocteted;hurrah/-n:/~hurrahing~hurrahed.
  5、在加以元音开始的派生后缀时,一般也遵循上述双拼规则。
  6、不存在’catalogged~’catalogging的拼法,因为和美国英语CATALOG相应的英国英语拼法是catalogue~cataloguing~catalogued。
  7、罕见的例外情形是arc~arc(k)ing~arc(k)ed,因为也可以不加k。
  8、动词BENEFIT有时(尤其在美国英语中)既有规则的拼法形benefiting~benefited,又有不规则的辅音字母双拼形式(benefitting~benefitted)。

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