时间:2019-02-21 作者:英语课 分类:阅读空间


英语课

 语调(intonation),即说话的腔调,就是一句话里声调(pitch)高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的,以英语为例,英语有五种基本语调:升调(↗)、降调(↙)、升降调(∧)、降升调(∨)以及平调(→)。一句话除了词汇意义(lexical meaning)还有语调意义(intonation meaning)。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义,而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子,语调不同,意思就会不同,有时甚至会相差千里。请看下例:


A: Jean, can you bring me the newspaper?
B: Sorry?(↗)Jean 用升调说 Sorry,其意思是 "I didn't hear you. Could 1 you say that again, please?"A: Jean, can you bring me the newspaper?
B: Sorry.(↙)Jean 用降调说 Sorry,显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。
可见,如果对语调知识缺乏了解,就会无法确定说话人的态度、感情、口吻、意图等,所以今天我们就来对语调问题做个说明吧。
一、一句话中音调的相对高度所包含的意义众所周知,人们在兴奋、惊讶或感情激动时说话的语调就高,而在相反的情况下,语调则低。因此,在同一个场合中,如果一个人的语调明显高于另一个,或明显低于另一个,以此就可以推断出该说话人的意思及态度。
这里我们要着重谈谈一句话中语调相对高度的不同所包含的意义。一句话中的语调波峰一般都是句子的重音所在,通过语调波峰,我们就可以了解说话人的意思。如人们读 "I live in the city." 这句话时,由于强调的对象不同,语调也就随之发生了变化。我们不妨来做一下比较:
I(↗)live in the city.(隐含着在场的其他人不住在城里的意思)I live(↗)in the city.(表示“我”只是“住在”城里,其隐含的意思是“我不在城里工作”或其他意思)I live in(↗)the city.(表示“我住在城里边”,其隐含的意思是“我不住在城外”)搞懂上面的例子,以下对话就马上可以明白了:
M: Linda looked very tired these days.
W: She looked OK to me(↗).
Q: What does the woman think of Linda?
(A) She saw 2 Linda and me.
(B) Linda said 3 she was 4 fine.
(C) She looked up the word for me.
(D) She considered 5 Linda was all right.
这位女士所表达的意思就是D啦。这句话中重音落在句子的最后一个单词 me 上,因为女士用升调重读 me,这表示了女士有意与男士的看法形成对比,意思是:在你的眼里,她显得疲惫,可在我看来,她没什么问题。这表示了她那种无所谓的态度。

v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
vbl.看见(see的过去式);n.锯;v.用锯子锯
  • Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗?
  • The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你,就知道你在生我的气。
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
  • He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
adj.经过仔细考虑的;经过深思熟虑的;受尊敬的;经过深思熟虑的看法v.考虑( consider的过去式和过去分词);想;注意;看重
  • The law is the final arbiter of what is considered obscene. 何谓猥亵最终由法律裁决。
  • She considered her options. 她仔细考虑了自己的各种选择。
标签: 语调
学英语单词
8-quinolinecarboxylic acid
abords
agent
all appearance
atiyah singer index theorem
auger beetle
be dazed
be married at registry office
bigt
call things by their proper names
carbokentbrooksite
cargo transportation
cell tree
Centrogeniinae
ceorls
chafflike
collateral ligament of metacarpophalangeal articulations
commercial residential building
communication police
concrete filler block
connection chamber
controlled-buoyancy system
dayclear
dematerialised
detrimental resistance
development inhibitor-releasing coupler
diarylheptanoids
dioecious species
DMA - direct memory access
domestic object damage
drepanid
Dǔskotna
electrodeless MHD generator
enthalpy-entropy
epaul? devant
Fetovaia, Pta.di
Fisga, Pta.
folkly
formal mathematics
genus nephrolepiss
gravel-walk
gun-delivered atomic missile
haleakala
have one's boots laced
heptoglobin
hereditaty disease
high water table pond
internal abdominal ring
jacksonian epilepsies
keep to something
kernel texture
Kholmogory
knock the bottom out of
leeuwenhoeks
lend support to
line boundary
lithium glasses
macrogamonts
main-vault shielding
Martinmas
medium temperature
medium-hard rock
membrana tectoria
mercury ion engine
methyl propanal
morgellons
New Haven theology
noncreationist
nursing education
odoriferous gland
outlet box
parting off tool
pattisons
penicillin V benzathine
physiocratic
proaness
professionless
Pulmocare
Punpun R.
quartenylic
recording measuring instrument
retail store audit
reversecurvature
rhinoclavis sinensis
right-leanings
rumer
scaling ratio
self-accusation
slip carriages
slyness
stokesian wave
superdirectories
takes you up on
tampaksiring
thamnaconus hypargyreus
tombros
traveling-wave phototube
ttw
turdus chrysolaus
unfiery
Wartenberg's symptom
zymosan