时间:2019-02-05 作者:英语课 分类:英语学习方法


英语课

   任何语言都有语体之分,有高雅的、通俗的、粗野 的,还有俚语、公文用语及术语等。文学作品中,作家通过不同的语体来刻画人物的性格特征,更是常用的方法。翻译时,必须审其雅俗,量其轻重,论其褒贬,即要注意同义词之间有不同的语体色彩、使用范围及程度,这样,才能恰如其分地表达原文的精神。


  (1) 词义有轻重的不同
  例如:表示“打破”的词
  break是最一般的用语,意思是经打击或施加压力而破碎。
  crack是出现了裂缝,但还没有变成碎片。
  crush是从外面用力往内或从上往下而压碎。
  demolish是破坏、铲平或削平(如土堆、建筑物、城堡等)。
  destroy是完全摧毁,使之无法复原。
  shatter是突然使一物体粉碎。
  smash旧指由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。
  又如表示“闪光”的词
  shine照耀;指光的稳定发射。
  glitter闪光;指光的不稳定发射。
  glare耀眼;表示光的最强度。
  sparkle闪烁;指发射微细的光度。
  (2)词义有范围大小和侧重面的不同
  在一定上下文中,在agriculture,farming,cultivation,agronomy四个词中:griculture指农业科学、农业技术、整个农业生产过程,所包含的范围最广;farming指农业的实践;cultivation指农业物的栽培过程;agronomy指把科学原理运用到农业耕作中去的实践。
  又如在empty,vacant,hollow这组同义词中,它们各自有不同的形容对象和强调的内容:empty可以用来形容house,room,cup,box,stomach,head,words等词,表示“空的,一无所有;vacant可以用来形容position,room,house,seat等词表示“没有人占用的,空缺的;hollow可以和tree,voice,sound,cheeks等词连用,表示“空洞的,虚的,不实的,下陷的。
  3)词义有感情色彩(如憎恶、蔑视、讽刺、诅咒、尊敬、亲昵等等)和语体色彩(如庄严、高雅、古朴、俚语、方言词语、公文用语、委婉词等等)的不同
  如“死”就有许多委婉的说法:
  to expire 逝世
  to pass away 与世长辞
  to close (end) one's day 寿终
  to breathe one's last 断气
  to go west 归西天
  to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘
  to depart to the world of shadows 命归黄泉
  to give up the ghost 见阎王
  to kick the bucket 翘辫子
  to kick up one's heels 蹬腿
  又如“怀孕”也有许多委婉的说法:
  She is having a baby.
  She is expecting.
  She is in the family way.
  She is knitting little booties.
  She is in a delicate condition.
  She is in an interesting condition.
  又如“警察”:
  policeman 正式用语
  cop 美国口语
  bobby 英国口语
  nab 美国俚语

标签: 同义词 翻译
学英语单词
adenostemma lavenia o.k.
allianz
Anhydroferrite
archival
area coordinates
areawise
as the position stands
asit
babeship
base tenure
Baud rate generator
Bose, Jagadis Chandra
callidrepana hirayamai
caprinized vaccine
capsicum plaster
card manuscript
Carterist
cassia fasciculatas
City of Westminster
concentric column
coping skill
credit histories
cruciform bit
cyanophol
d'tat
direction of recession
Doxychel
ens entium
evergreen herbage
fire resisting roof
flubbin'
forehearth connection block
fracture propagation
fuel oil blending
furcapectinae
gear change mechanism
generic type variable
gluey
Goodyera hachijoensis
halogen refrigerant
Hishida-gawa
holomorphological
Ilocos Sur, Prov.of
information handling center
jewellery insurance
Kawachinagano
key button
Kohlrausch's dilution law
laie
liquid crystal projector lenses
loadlevelers
m. sphincter ani internus
magneto caloric effect
Malacoctenus
maximum seismic input
Middle Europe
moravsky
mukha
mumification necrosis
musculus articularis genera
naeem
odium
onion Johnny
opening the scissors differential
order salientias
Ouezzane
patternlessness
peaches and cream
photophosphorescence
pin-stripe duck
piped pocket
prevue
PVER
reflection surface
rehabilitation program
remaining oil in ground
resource data
salaries and wages payable
sample signal
sdss
security listing application
software security certification
splashdown zone
staraxy
tail gate spreader
temporary shade plant
three-high plate mill
throw into the shade
trace table
Transit Navigation System
Térékolé
uniform sampling fraction
urea resin treated wood
v.imp.
vertical coiler
visceral area
viscosity pole hieght
wandering spiders
wants out
Wasatch Plateau
workin'
Zǔrnevo