时间:2019-02-01 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   细心的中国人学到“希腊”的英文名称时可能会觉得奇怪——Greece听上去完全不像“Xila”的读音。这是怎么回事呢?


  原因很简单——汉语译名并非来自该国的英文常用名Greece,而是来自希腊语的Hellas。希腊人自称其国家为Hellas或Ellada,官方英文名称为Hellenic Republic。目前世界上只有三个国家使用这一音译形式:中国、挪威(两种音译兼有)和越南(可能受到中国影响)。
  英文Greece源自罗马人对希腊的拉丁文称呼Graecia(Greek来自拉丁文Graeci;英语中偶尔也用Hellas)。和英语一样使用Graecia转译的约有四十个国家,包括法语、德语、俄语、葡萄牙语、西班牙语、日语、朝鲜语/韩语等。
  由于历史原因,汉译名称比较混乱——有时候来自本国语,如英格兰(England)和德意志(Deutschland);有时候来自英语或其它语言,如意大利(Italy)和土耳其(Turkey);而有时候则来自混合形式,如日本(日文汉字加汉语发音)。
  其它语言也有类似现象。英语称呼中国为China,这与“中国”或“中华”都无关,而很可能与“秦”有关;而包括俄语在内的很多语言则称呼中国为“契丹(Kitai)”。英语对日本的称呼“Japan”与日本人自称(nippon/nihon)不同;英语对德国的称呼其实是“日耳曼(Germany)”。法语对德国的称呼则是Allemagne,与英语和德语都无关。

标签: 国名
学英语单词
accoutered
adduct number
air cushion transport
amitriptylinoxide
arcuate nuclei
auditing files
boccis
bus-in signal
cahier
canallers
carbon-arc welding
cluster lamp
conning towers
costoradial
cross-competitions
customized package
cutoff of anomaly
day-girl
deltaic succession
depreciation recovery
descartes_ rule of change
dividend revenue
drum-type root cutter
earthfirst
East Windsor
environmental communication
equivalized
examination of visual electro-physiology
fail safe valve
fanships
flamin
Follett
foreign body in airpassage
formula ALGOL
free piston gas-turbine
fuel injector valve cooling pump
genus coleuss
Glypnir
griselinia lucidas
gunnery ship
hardware product
hometaxialbase transistor
hydrofluosilicates
ice drill
input channel
internal waterproof lining of basement
judicial records
jumboizing
K-turn
kataphatically
laser motor
low energy diet
lower gate
megabids
meniscus injury
moon's age
new foreign bond issues
non-flowing powder
nonlistener
offset procedure
OKLA.
on-fiber
pass the examination
petrol-resistance
phonometry
Polygala tenuifolia
polygyny
priestesslike
quenching cup
recognition meeting
refractive index sellmeier equation
repercussives
reservoir sedimentation computation
Roccafranca
rotraxate
Sabina przewalskii
savo(u)ry oil
Schick test
secatour
smelt dissolver
spaced trials
splendora
stick buffer support
street-racing
Sudan R
talking page
tetrapyle circularis
tonedeaf
top side sounding
Trichostrongylidae
trupanea amoena
trusted to
tv stations
unwriggling
user log-on
variable order-quantity system
vein width
Veronica beccabunga
viscous substance
Wahhabi, Wahabi
wallaby