时间:2019-01-23 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课
 

  由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,所以在我们英译汉时常遇到一些句子无法按原文的词性译成汉语;或是勉强译成汉语了,也不通顺,或根本不符合我们的说话习惯,这时就要用到词类的转换了。


词类的转换可分为四种:转译成动词,转译成名词,转译成形容词,其它词类互译。


一、转译成形容词


1、名词-->形容词


(1)英语中还有很多名词是由形容词派生出来的,在汉译时往往直接译成形容词的意思更好,更贴切。


例1:The pallor of her face indicate clearly how she was feeling the moment.


分析:pale=>pallor.若译成“她脸色的苍白表明.....。”意思也能明白,但不符合汉语的习惯,我们很少这样说话的,所以要进行一下调整。


译文:她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。


例2:The security and warmth of the destroyer's sick bay were wonder.


分析:由secure, warm派生成了名词做主语,同样的按字面译也讲得通,但就是不符合汉语的习惯。


译文:驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖,好极了。


例3:He talked for some time with Bundy, and his questions reflected the enormity of his doubts.


分析:enormous==>enormity译成"他疑问的巨大"?显然不好,所以也要调整一下转成形容词。


译文:他同邦迪谈了一会儿,他提出的问题返映出他有很大的怀疑。


(2)有些名词加不定冠词作表语时,往往可以转译成形容词。


例4:The blockade was a success.


分析:success==>a success.可作名词也形容词的词前+不定冠词,表示用了这个词的名词词性但我们往往要译成形容词。


译文:封锁很成功。


 例5:Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.


分析:独立思考在学习中是一个绝对的必需。这样译显然不容易理解,像是不会说汉语,所以比较一下下面的泽法。


译文:独立对学习是绝对必需的。


2、其它词类互译


(1)形容词与副词的互相转译。


例6:The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint.


分析:这个还比较容易看的,按意思往下翻就行,be able:常译作“能够...”。


译文:她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。


(2)副词-->动词


例7:As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.


分析:这种词本身也有动作的意味的,或者也有的可以和前面的动词组成词组。


译文:他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子。


(3)介词-->动词


例8:Many laboratories are developing medicines against AIDS.


分析:介词against:反对,和上面的3中一样,有一定的动作意味,但英语中确是介词、副词,汉语的习惯就必须译成动词。


译文:许多实验室正在研制潜治疗艾滋病的药物。


 


我们来练习一下吧!注意划线部分的译法:)


1.Success is dependent on his effort.


2.She opened the window to let fresh air in.


3.I barreled straight ahead, across the harbour and out over the sea.


4.Interest in historical methods has arisen, less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.(99年真题)


5.Additional social stressess may also occur because of the population explosion problems arising from mass migration 1 movements--themselves made relatively 2 easy nowadays by modern means of transport.(2000真题)


参考译文:


1、成功与否取决于他的努力。(2)


2、她把窗子打开,让新鲜空气进来。(3)


3、我笔直向前高速飞行,越过港口,飞临海面。(4)


4、人们之所以关注历史研究的方法,主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大,其次才是因为外界并不认识历史是一门学科。(1)


5、由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易)所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。(2)



n.迁移,移居,(鸟类等的)迁徙
  • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
  • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
adv.比较...地,相对地
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
学英语单词
accelerating plastic flow
across flow
administrative decision
airbrake switch
amberol resin
amitoses
amplifying system
appellate jurisdiction
articuli capitulorum
autobacteriophage
avantgardistic
b-quad
Bardney
berdes
bimodal curve
bipedal sympus
boat haven
buoyant raft
buthids
calcium phosphite
cat's foot
caudled
causticness
charcoal gas
clanism
clovers
cociuba mare
component symbol
computer-age
controlgear compartment
corporeal hereditament
cranberg
delamination of plywood
diet pyramid
dugnad
eleoplast
epicodakia bella
equiano
eurybathyal organism
family plasmodiophoraceaes
fieldpiece
fore-spinning machine
free speed
French caviar
fruticous
gatchina
general considerations
geotectogene
gift voucher
give birth
golf ball printer
greythorne
high-altitude station
horselberg
kledi
kneading machine
Leuciscus
London tuft
look ahead data staging architecture
M.T.B.E.
mahogany families
maledicted
marly slate
mental labor
merkingdom
MetroPCS
minie
Navajo Indian Reservation
non-powered fishing craft
none at all
nonrenewable energy source
normal test mode
nyctalus noctula
ombu
oneiromancers
over head projector
paid in capital from retirement of preferred stock
party and play
peach-wood
pepe holder
rear blinker
red dysentery
replicas
screw-and-nut mechanism
Sharman
Sinimax
slow-release relay
Small Office Home Office
somebodys
spectral band replication
Stanley, Edward George Geoffrey Smith, 14th Earl of Derby
Tajuňa, R.
technical analyses
to take a shit
unarmedness
universal operaation table
unscholarly
videobombing
white violet
x-press
yvonna
Zahiris