时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   元规则主要用于描述某项父结点中子结点成分数量的增减或特征的变化。元规则由“模式结构”和“目标结构”两部分组成。模式结构可表示为P0 → W, Pm其中,P0为父结点,W为范畴的任何变项,Pm为由P0直接支配的结点(m=0或1)。目标结构可表示为a0 → a1, …, ak其中,a0和P0属于同一个主范畴,而且,至多只能有一个ai是W的变项,至多只能有一个ai与Pm相对应。元规则的具体形式如下:


  图 元规则
  以上形式可以读作:如果P0 → W, Pm 是一条词汇直接支配规则,那么,a0 → a1, …, ak也是一条词汇直接支配规则。元规则的作用就是将所有符合模式结构的直接支配规则转变成由目标结构所表示的直接支配规则,从而扩大语法中直接支配规则的数量。例如,英语中表示“被动”的元规则如下:
  图 英语中表示被动的元规则
  其中,W为范畴变项,PAS为VP的特征,by为PP的特征,表示在被动式中,动词短语中的动词取被动式,介词短语中的介词取by。圆括号表示其中的部分可以省略,(PP[by])表示被动句中带by的介词短语PP可以省略。应用这个元规则于英语句子He broke 1 the window,可以得到被动句:The window was 2 broke (by him)。在这个被动句中,原来的动词broke变为was broken,(by him)是可以省略的。

v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
标签: 短语结构
学英语单词
ABS brake
active aurora
ALV-ART
ampittia virgata myakei
annattos
arge flavicollis
arm cycle
asymmetricity
augmented transition network grammar
blanching culture
bored roll
bu rang
business group
business of distributor
caprese salad
cheat of
chucklesome
class-conscious dies
colour temperature measurement
commutings
conventional tool
counter flow drying
cover into treasury
cyst-jejunum external drainage
domain wall coercivity
el geteina (al qitena)
endometriomyoma
exposed point
Extra High Voltage
extrapolated length
fault-tolerance system
Ferdinand
fiber classification
foreign bills payable in gold
frixion
fukes
gas disease
gas-power
Gleasonian
gotten about
hawk eye
heat polymerization
high performance communication adapter
hod-carrier
humeral carina
hydrophilic powder
ichthyols
ionopause
Iron Springs
isoguanosine
isosolaseaforthine
kokus
Kuru R.
manual fixture
Marian Anderson
marquesate
masquerade costume
Matthews, Sir Stanley
microwave plasma emission spectroscopic detector
miicromicro farad
Miraplast
modern nodal method
motlow
multi-grade salary structure
Naguri
naidoo
opening die
oxyamination
permanent benchmark
postmedian
pro-gressive spinal muscular atrophy infant type
propanediamide
pulmonic sounds
purposelessnesses
random demand
receiver output waveform
risottoes
rope-gearing
Russificator
sarcogenic cells
saturdaymorning
securinol
self-dumping cage
sharability
Silentium
skylight hood
slender-beaked
sluff
smick
Sphingoglycolipids
standby power source
system of laws
temperature runaway
text analysis program
tortuga
Trypanomycin
turn someone on to something
tweetaholics
uppermost deck
vasa lymphatica superficialia
Vincapront
wolfliker