时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   元规则主要用于描述某项父结点中子结点成分数量的增减或特征的变化。元规则由“模式结构”和“目标结构”两部分组成。模式结构可表示为P0 → W, Pm其中,P0为父结点,W为范畴的任何变项,Pm为由P0直接支配的结点(m=0或1)。目标结构可表示为a0 → a1, …, ak其中,a0和P0属于同一个主范畴,而且,至多只能有一个ai是W的变项,至多只能有一个ai与Pm相对应。元规则的具体形式如下:


  图 元规则
  以上形式可以读作:如果P0 → W, Pm 是一条词汇直接支配规则,那么,a0 → a1, …, ak也是一条词汇直接支配规则。元规则的作用就是将所有符合模式结构的直接支配规则转变成由目标结构所表示的直接支配规则,从而扩大语法中直接支配规则的数量。例如,英语中表示“被动”的元规则如下:
  图 英语中表示被动的元规则
  其中,W为范畴变项,PAS为VP的特征,by为PP的特征,表示在被动式中,动词短语中的动词取被动式,介词短语中的介词取by。圆括号表示其中的部分可以省略,(PP[by])表示被动句中带by的介词短语PP可以省略。应用这个元规则于英语句子He broke 1 the window,可以得到被动句:The window was 2 broke (by him)。在这个被动句中,原来的动词broke变为was broken,(by him)是可以省略的。

v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
标签: 短语结构
学英语单词
actic association
ADR (add register)
aero stabilizer
agathe
american-styles
antigen-antibody complex
aridum
aviation weather information
bacteriocinogeny
BDR
beretta
blister steel
breezes
Budug
burner lighter
cadmium stick
canary-bird
cardiac concussion
computer-to-plate
Cresceis
Cursmas
data independence
demasculinise
demerit points
direct speech act
donut city
dust-hole
e thumb
east-west structural system
Edinger's fibers
egg-eating snake
epicene
fourth official
frost boil
functional zoning
gas hand grenade
GIbeonite
heat producting element
hoyte
humdrummeries
hyperfinctin
hypermorphs
IEOP
immoralized
improlifical
in situ cytohybridization
inner deforming loss
Isle Royal National Park
j.c.r.
jelly tooth
kurtorachic
lemon-peel
leukophoresis
Madīnat al Abyār
malanga lila
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
memory mapping list
metal mask
millivoltmeter pyrometer
n-membered chain
non destructive test
non-governmental agency
orchard intercroping
order stomatopodas
orthotist
parallel screw
pentarsic
phonon-electron interaction
photocurrent versus light intensity
photodetecto
potato blights
pressure volume curve
primary infinitesimal
prodelphic type
quartzite crystalline state
Rami dorsales linguae
refinancing credit
registry of merit
regular cone
Reichstein's substance E
renaldo
Rhizophydium piligenum
RWC (read,write and compute)
Saiva
sarason
Ship Reporting Systems
South Derbyshire
speech act
SSP.
steady state multiplicity
stertorous respiration
supermanship
temperature divertor
teppan
thrust cup
transmembrane action potential
two beam interferometry
undisguisedly
valve-in-head scavenging
Villiersdorp
wave profile
wire loop