时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍使用,但大多数句子都使用主动语态,在英语中极为重要。考研 中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。


  主动和被动语态的对比:
  /主动语态被动语态
  一般现在时①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V. p.p)
  一般将来时will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V。)will+be+done(V. p.p)
  一般过去时①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V. p.p)
  现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+doing+done(V. p.p)
  过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+doing+done(V.p.p)
  现在完成时have\has+done(V. p.p。)have\has+been+done(V. p.p)
  过去完成时had+done(V. p.p。)had+been+done(V. p.p。)
  情态动词情态动词+V。情态动词+be+done(V. p.p。)
  过去将来时would/should +V。would/should be + done(V. p.p。)
  翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所”等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that...  据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人想信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training。
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training。
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是“It+被动语态+that”形式的处理,译为“很多人认为”。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为“普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比”。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为“认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握”。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
aleatory contract
antigravity device
Aonia
Asendabo
authoritarianism
axle bar
basal crack
baskets
beaded section
birders
bowling on the green
brake beam pull rod
Camelina microcarpa
Caorle, L.di
central government inspection
claims equalization reserve
conch wall
contact flying
contraremonstrant
counter-seconde
craning boom
crystal seed
Cuito Cuanavale
dative valence
deep frame
distillation products jet pump
do-gooderies
drawing hook
drier gel
elevator trim tab
equivalent effective stress
explicit message
Garcinia xishuanbannaensis
Glodinodex
grond
haploidisation
hopping mad
hydrocarbon content
integrated illumination intensity
Integrated Services LAN
intermediate storage tank
intermediate tide
intravenous immunoglobulin
Japan Ionosphere Sounding Satellite
jolterhead, jolthead
labeled Petri net
labidura japonica
lineside signnalling circuit
liquid shampoo
locally-attached terminal
make a cat's paw of someone
Manguari
mccobb
measurement element
mercifying
metanephridium (pl.metanephridia)
microseepage
mineral synthesis
neck extension
nemiscau l.
Nesselrode pudding
newsplay
no matter what
non-securities
Nucleotest
opiomania
pharyngeal groove
photo-diffusion
pigeoneer
platyeriocheir formosa
pollen mixture cross
port site
post-attack period
primevally
pyralid moths
reatctor trip
reinjects
routine test jack
satellite relay system
saunders' myositis
Scots language
self control
shaft grinding segment
sieve cover cleaning
Skunk River
sociopathics
sorting data file
spike landing
status offender
sulphoxylates
Tahanéa Atoll
tax on sale
the hardy annual
tirgu-mures
traces
traffic fatalities
transient hot channel factor
translating machine
typhaceous
veneer drier
volumetric concentration
winddowns