时间:2019-01-07 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课
 

一、名词性从句

  名词从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。在翻译时,大多数语序可以不变,即可按原文的顺序译成相应的汉语。但有时也需要一些其他处理方法。下面我们就来分两期仔细看看!

  1、主语从句:

  构成主语从句的方式有下列两种:

  (1)关联词或从属连词位于句首的从句+主句谓语+其他成分。

  它们一般是译在句首,作为主从复合句的主语。这样的词有关联词whatwhichhowwhywherewhowhateverwhoeverwheneverwherever及从属连词thatwhetherif.如:

  例题1What he told me was only half-truth.
  分  析:其中关联词可译“…的”,放在后面。


参考译文:他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。

  例题2Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.


分  析:whether可以译成“是否,是…还是”,然后适当安排位置。
  参考译文:一种生物究竟是植物还是动物,有时使生物学家颇伤脑筋。

  (2it+谓语+thatwhether)引导的从句。

  如果先译主句,可以顺译为无人称句。有时也可先译从句,再译主句。如果先译从句,便可以在主句前加译这。如:

  例题3It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur 1 content of the four coals to levels anywhere near the standards.


分  析:这样的句子可以译成无人称句,常用来表示事实,常理等。
  参考译文:可以看出,这四种煤的总含硫量仅靠预先洗选将不能降低到完全接近标准规定的水平。

  例题4It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter 2 in water than they are in air.
  分   析:有时为了使译文成分完整,可以补充上泛指的主语(如人们、大家)。类似的结构还有:it isuniversallyknown that…大家都知道…it is believed that…人们都相信
   
参考译文:物体在水中比在空气中轻,这是一种大家共有的经验。
  2、表语从句:

  (1)表语从句是位于主句的联系动词后面、充当主句主语的表语的从句,它也是由thatwhatwhyhowwhenwherewhether等连词和关联词引导的。一般来讲,可以先译主句,后译从句。如:

  例题5The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.
  分  析:先译后面的主句,后译前面的从句。
  参考译文:蒸汽机发明的结果是机械力代替了人力。

  (2)几种常见句型,以下逐一介绍它们的译法。

  thatthisis why…句型中,如果选择先译主句,后译从句,可以译成这就是为什么,这就是为什么的原因,这就是的缘故等。如果选择先译从句,再译主句,一般可以译为原因就在这里,理由就在这里等。如:

  例题6That is why practice is the criterion of truth and whythe standard of practice should be first and fundamental in the theory of knowledge
  分  析:原句表语很长,所以此处采用了紧缩原则。
  参考译文:所谓实践是真理的标准,所谓实践的标准,应该是认识论的首先的和基本的观点,理由就在这个地方。

  thisitis because…句型中,一般先译主句,再译从句,译成是因为,这是因为的缘故,这是由于的缘故。如:

  例题7This is because the direct current flows in a wire always in one direction.
  参考译文:这是由于直流电在导线中总沿着一个方向流动的缘故。
  
  this is what…句型中,如果先译主句,后译从句,通常译为这就是的内容,这就是的含意等。如果先译从句,后译主句,通常译为就是这个道理,就是这个意思等。如:
  例题8this is what we have discussed in this article.


分  析:如表语不长,则可译成这就是的内容等。


参考译文:这就是我们在本文中所讨论的内容。


 


 


 


学以致用,下面通过几道习题来巩固一下吧:


1What we now will describe is how the magnetic nature of iron oxide 3 can uniquely be exploited as a separation process utilizing 4 a magnetic filtration system.
2
That is why heat can melt icevaporize water and cause bodies to expand.
3
It is because a conductor carrying is surrounded by a magnetic field.


4The advantage of rolling bearing is that they cause less friction 5.


参考译文:


1、现在我们所要介绍的是如何奇特地利用氧化铁的磁性而提出一种使用磁力过滤系统的分离法。
2
、这就是为什么热能使冰融化,使水蒸发,使物体膨胀的原因。


3、这就是因为载流导体周围有一磁场。


4、滚动轴承的优点是它产生的摩擦力较小。



n.硫,硫磺(=sulphur)
  • Sulfur emissions from steel mills become acid rain.炼钢厂排放出的硫形成了酸雨。
  • Burning may produce sulfur oxides.燃烧可能会产生硫氧化物。
n.打火机,点火器;驳船;v.用驳船运送;light的比较级
  • The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色,色调明朗了一些。
  • The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。
n.氧化物
  • Oxide is usually seen in our daily life.在我们的日常生活中氧化物很常见。
  • How can you get rid of this oxide coating?你们该怎样除去这些氧化皮?
v.利用,使用( utilize的现在分词 )
  • Utilizing an assembler to produce a machine-language program. 用汇编程序产生机器语言的过程。 来自辞典例句
  • The study and use of devices utilizing properties of materials near absolute zero in temperature. 对材料在接近绝对零度时的特性进行研究和利用的学科。 来自辞典例句
n.摩擦,摩擦力
  • When Joan returned to work,the friction between them increased.琼回来工作后,他们之间的摩擦加剧了。
  • Friction acts on moving bodies and brings them to a stop.摩擦力作用于运动着的物体,并使其停止。
学英语单词
acceptor circuit
Alice Paul
anchyloblepharon
Argenton-Chateau
average drift angle
borehole surveying instrument
bring your own technology
butylphenol
carriage grease
centrifugal starting switch
change-coil instrument
channel information
Client-server model
cliff hanging
coating film
column support
comparative plant anatomy
computer aided language learning
croupous granulation
Damophon
darkstar
darwin theory
debaters
define
Della Robbia ware
dialtelephone system
dinitriles
direct contact type condenser
doctor-in-charge
Echeverria Alvarez, Luis
editorial article
ethylcyclohexane
extorsion
fermentation-like
figured-fabric looms
fire door peep hole
fonticuli minor
genus Luscinia
genus philodendrons
gone over the wall
gravitation wave
Gruber's fossa
Hawaiian Gardens
imipenem
invirases
isothermal equilibrium moisture content
kookery
leptostachyol
less-educated
Lit-et-Mixte
Llandrillo
lounge-goers
low point drain
loxiglumide
makes light of
metaroutine
mexaforme
mosissanite
nucleon
on-off tests
open-network model
ophiactis affinis
osteitis deformans
palinkas
phenylmethyl acetate
phytophthora cyperi-iriae
pit scale
pleasured
pleny-
porella perrottetiana
practice teaching
pressure valve spring
prezone phenomenon
principal glacial age
radial cut ring
radio intercept control set
raphae
reads into
reinsertion of carrier
reply queue element
retarder in closed state
rigour mortis
save our souls
silicon target camera tube
slummies
stratocumulus radiatus
superchimp
systemic mutation hypothesis
Séféto
takeoff position indicator lamp
tariff filing
tezi
torticone
triflocin
undertake the litigation
unevenness of twisting
venette
ventricular aneurysms
volitile
Weds.
wool-backed cloth
writ of mesne