时间:2019-01-03 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   在四、六级考试中基本上所见即所记,就是考试中一旦出现这个词汇,你只要在单词书上背过,放在句子中就能理解得通,比如,“doctor”一词,你在四、六级试卷上看到它,十之八九意思在“医生”和“博士”中徘徊。但是你如果不了解考研题,把你原始记忆的单词的意思生搬硬套地放在考研的题目中,你肯定会吃亏。比如,还是“doctor”这个词,咱们来看下面这个句子:doctor”一词,你在四、六级试卷上看到它,十之八九意思在“医生”和“博士”中徘徊。但是你如果不了解考研题,把你原始记忆的单词的意思生搬硬套地放在考研的题目中,你肯定会吃亏。比如,还是“doctor”这个词,咱们来看下面这个句子:


  Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the every-day performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.
  (06年翻译)
  我们来看句中的doctor,还能理解成“医生”或“博士”吗?当然不能,doctor用在动词不定式 to后面,首先从词性来看应该是动词,那又是什么意思呢?be suppose to 意思是“应该做某事”,be not supposed to “不应该做某事”,该动词词组后面跟了三个并列词组:cook his experiments,manufacture evidence和doctor his reports。这三个并列宾语成分都是动宾短语,应该理解为:编造实验、捏造证据、伪造报告。很显然,无论从词性还是词义都不是咱们原来印象中的样子。
  那么对于考研词汇,我们该如何应对呢?我们在复习考研词汇时,主要应从以下几方面考虑:
  第一、词性。参加考研的学生一定要有这个意识,即:词性转换。这种状况多出现在名词。看到一个名词就要想象一下,若该名词转换成动词该是什么意思。比如:oil 名词“石油、油”而动词“给……上油”;bath 名词“洗澡、沐浴”而动词“给……洗澡”;boss 名词“老板、上司”而动词“指挥、支配、发号施令”等等。
  第二、主体。同一个形容词修饰的主体不一样,意思也要相应地发生变化。比如: angry 一词,在“I am very angry.” 意思是“生气的”;在“angry wind” 中意思是“肆虐的、狂暴的”;在“angry cut”中意思是“发炎的、感染的”。
  第三、词性色彩。有的词在不同的语境中,根据作者的爱憎、褒贬不一,所用词的感情色彩是不一样的。比如,“ambition”一词有两个意思,“雄心”和“野心”。在一个句子中,到底这个词该如何理解,就要看文章作者的态度了。
  第四、单词的具体化。比如:“artist”,看到这个词,大家的第一印象就是“艺术家”,但是看下面这个短语“artist in the kitchen”, 如果翻译成“厨房里的艺术家”,就会使听者不知所云,在此应理解成“厨房能手”。
  第五、文化差异。英汉差异在很大程度上是由于其文化背景的差异造成的。比如:“dog”在汉语中人们都喜欢这种动物,因为它代表“忠诚”;而在英语中这个词常带有贬义色彩,如“不纯正的,不规范的(语言);假的,劣等的,质次的,杂种的(物品)”。所以平时要善于积累课外知识。
  最后,希望大家在考研词汇复习过程中借鉴以上建议,不要只是机械地一遍遍地重复单词,要善于思考,使单词背诵不再单调,提高效率。

标签: 单词
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